In two-dimensional space R2 linear maps are described by 2 × 2 real matrices. These are some examples:
Rotation
Rotation by 90 degrees counterclockwise:
Rotation by θ degrees counterclockwise:
Reflection
Reflection against the x axis:
Reflection against the y axis:
Scaling
Scaling by 2 in all directions:
Shearing
Horizontal shear mapping:
Squeeze
Squeeze mapping:
Projection
Projection onto the y axis:
In three-dimensional space R3 linear maps are described by 3 × 3 real matrices.
Rotation
Rotation about x axis:
Rotation about y axis:
Rotation about z axis:
